Leviticus 5:1 mentions two ways in which someone would have information regarding a crime. In the first instance, someone would be an eyewitness (‘ēḏ) of the events. That is, they would have an experiential knowledge of what took place. In the second instance, someone would possess information about the crime through another person.
1 “If anyone sins in that he hears a public adjuration to testify, and though he is a witness, whether he has seen or come to know the matter, yet does not speak, he shall bear his iniquity;