This was not the first time the Philistines struck fear in Israelite hearts (cf. 1 Samuel 17:11, 1 Samuel 17:24, 1 Samuel 23:3).1 Saul was afraid of the Philistine army2 because they were not well-equipped and numerous. As a man who walked by sight, he had little hope that Israel could win the coming battle.
A big battle with the Philistines was on the horizon—a battle that was, to a large extent, the result of Saul’s failure to obey the LORD. From the beginning of his reign he was given the task of defeating the Philistines once and for all. Indeed, it was one of the primary purposes of his kingship. During his forty-year reign, there had been some significant victories. Twice the Philistine armies were routed. And under the leadership of his top generals, he initially kept up the pressure—running various sorties into their land, the Philistines were no match for David. A final victory was at hand if only he had continued the good work that was begun. Sadly of course, his focus shifted. The loyal servant became a jealous target. As internal politics became his main focus, the Philistines were forgotten and now they once again stood ready for battle. Their armies were back at full strength and it was a most precarious moment.
5 When Saul saw the army of the Philistines, he was afraid, and his heart trembled greatly.