1. Joshua 11:8 (ESV)
  2. Exposition

How did the Israelites chase the Canaanites in three different directions?

Joshua 11:8 (ESV)

8 And the LORD gave them into the hand of Israel, who struck them and chased them as far as Great Sidon and Misrephoth-maim, and eastward as far as the Valley of Mizpeh. And they struck them until he left none remaining.

We are not specifically told but it seems most probably that Joshua split his army into different groups that then simultaneously pursued the Canaanites in three different directions.