This phrase is a literal quote from Deuteronomy 30:4. Moses certainly was not expressing the thought that God’s people might be scattered to (one of) the stars. Instead, he was using hyperbole to express the remotest and least accessible parts of the earth to which God’s judgment might exile his people. Moses’ initial phrase recalls the threat of Deuteronomy 28:64: The Lord will scatter you among all the peoples, from one end of the earth to the other.
Yet Nehemiah is confident that the Lord can locate his people even in the most remote corner of the world and retrieve them (Psalm 139:7–10).
9 but if you return to me and keep my commandments and do them, though your outcasts are in the uttermost parts of heaven, from there I will gather them and bring them to the place that I have chosen, to make my name dwell there.’