1. Amos 1:4 (ESV)
  2. Exposition

Who was Ben-hadad?

Amos 1:4 (ESV)

4 So I will send a fire upon the house of Hazael, and it shall devour the strongholds of Ben-hadad.

Though there were two kings of Damascus called Ben-hadad, the reference most likely applies to the son and successor of Hazael (2 Kings 13:24–25). He built fortified strongholds designed to protect palaces and cities from enemy attacks.1