This is the woman who had given birth to the male child (Revelation 12:5), the woman “clothed with the sun, with the moon under her feet, and on her head a crown of twelve stars” (Revelation 12:1). After giving birth to her child, she had fled from the dragon lounging in the labor room “into the wilderness” (Revelation 12:6). This woman is the Old Testament church, which through Mary gave birth to Jesus Christ and by extension also the New Testament church.
13 And when the dragon saw that he had been thrown down to the earth, he pursued the woman who had given birth to the male child.