The reference to shepherding alludes to Ezekiel 34 (specifically Ezekiel 34:2, Ezekiel 34:8–10 and Ezekiel 34:18–19), evoking the image of evil shepherds of Israel who feed themselves. The use of pastoral language suggests that the heretics had assumed some form of leadership position in the church. However, instead of serving God’s people, they serve only themselves.1
12 These are hidden reefs at your love feasts, as they feast with you without fear, shepherds feeding themselves; waterless clouds, swept along by winds; fruitless trees in late autumn, twice dead, uprooted;