The call to remember, first made in Jude 1:5, is repeated in this verse forming an inclusion and showing us that the whole of Jude 1:5–19 forms a unit. Presumably the apostles had spoken to the church to whom Jude is writing and had said to them the things of which Jude is reminding them. In the New Testament, the circle of apostles included the twelve and Paul along with others (Acts 14:14; Romans 16:7; 1 Corinthians 15:5, 1 Corinthians 15:7; 1 Thessalonians 2:6), though the twelve occupied a central place as witnesses of the resurrection (1 Corinthians 9:1). Jude probably has someone in mind from the more restrictive group. When exactly this apostle visited the church and made the predictions is unknown but the events predicted have certainly come true.