1. Judges 11:39 (ESV)
  2. Exposition

What are the arguments for the view that Jephthah really did sacrifice his daughter as burnt offering?

Judges 11:39 (ESV)

39 And at the end of two months, she returned to her father, who did with her according to his vow that he had made. She had never known a man, and it became a custom in Israel

Whether Jephthah’s daughter was sacrificed as a burnt offering or just remained unmarried for the rest of her life, is a perennial dilemma in the exegesis, with emotions attached to either view. It also makes a substantial difference in how to tell the story. What is the argument for the burnt offering in the text? Jephthah had said: I will offer it up for a burnt offering (Judges 11:31), and here it says that he did with her according to his vow.

  • In the days of the Old Testament, a human sacrifice is not by far as unthinkable as it is now.

  • The idea that the daughter was not burnt only arose many centuries later, about 1200 AD.

  • If it were about remaining unmarried only, Jephthah’s lament in verse 35 sounds rather exaggerated. The same applies to the passage as a whole (Judges 11:34–40).

  • The concept of ceremonious dedication to the Lord for life (which is implied in the other view) was unknown to Israel, Samson and Samuel being unique cases.