The words What then, brothers? indicate that Paul is about to give some concrete instructions, based on the truths that he has been expounding since 1 Corinthians 12:1–31. The instructions in this section (1 Corinthians 14:26–40) are focused on restoring order in the Corinthians’ disorderly worship services. Again, the ultimate aim is that of building up.

Paul begins by listing some of the spiritual gifts which form part of the worship service. The first item on the list is a hymn. The Greek word used here is psalmos, a term that in Jewish circles would call to mind (but not be limited to) the Psalms of the Old Testament.

From first-century Jewish writings we know that lead singers played an important role in the synagogue gatherings. When a psalm was sung, the leader would sing one line and the rest would respond by repeating either the whole line or its first word. This practice was likely adopted by the early church. When Paul writes that each one has a hymn, he may have in mind those church members who act as lead singers.

The other gifts—a lesson (teaching), a revelation, a tongue, and an interpretation—have already been discussed (1 Corinthians 12:10; 1 Corinthians 14:6, 1 Corinthians 14:13).