1. Revelation 18:20 (ESV)
  2. Exposition

Who is meant by “O heaven”?

Revelation 18:20 (ESV)

20 Rejoice over her, O heaven, and you saints and apostles and prophets, for God has given judgment for you against her!”

In the course of his vision thus far John had seen much of what happens in heaven (Revelation 4:1 – 17:3). John had told his readers that heaven was not only God’s dwelling place but also the abode of countless mighty angels and triumphant saints. The voice of Revelation 18:4 now instructs these heavenly creatures to respond to the fall of Babylon on earth.