This statute applies to any type of oath. The merism (two contrasting parts of the whole refer to the whole), “to do evil or to do good,” highlights the all-inclusive nature of the oath. In this instance, it appears that the one who is guilty has taken an oath impulsively. Perhaps the oath-taker is unable to fulfill their oath for economic or social reasons.
4 or if anyone utters with his lips a rash oath to do evil or to do good, any sort of rash oath that people swear, and it is hidden from him, when he comes to know it, and he realizes his guilt in any of these;