The Greek word used denotes a short outburst of spiritual power rather than a long-term endowment of the Spirit. This suggests that one can be filled with the Spirit on many occasions whilst still remaining full of the Spirit.1 This understanding is confirmed by the use of the same word elsewhere in Luke’s writings. Generally he uses this phrase when God's people are being empowered to speak (Luke 1:41, Luke 1:67, Acts 2:4, Acts 4:31, Acts 13:9–10) or with reference to a believer's devotion to God (Luke 1:15; Acts 6:3; Acts 13:52). Paul similarly commands all Christians to be filled with the Spirit (Ephesians 5:18; i.e., devoted to God), which happens as we let the word of Christ dwell in us (Colossians 3:16). In short, to be filled with the Spirit refers to the divine empowerment that enables God's people to carry out his tasks.2 In this instance, God is empowering Peter to bear witness to Jesus Christ in front of the Sanhedrin.
8 Then Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit, said to them, “Rulers of the people and elders,