1. 1 Peter 2:13 (ESV)
  2. Exposition

Why does Peter add the adjective “human” to “institution”?

1 Peter 2:13 (ESV)

13 Be subject for the Lord’s sake to every human institution, whether it be to the emperor as supreme,

The apostle is not instructing his readers to be subject to, say, canine creatures, for that would contradict God’s word in Genesis 1:26–27 where the Lord told man to have “dominion over” all creatures. His readers need instead to voluntarily place themselves under human creations/creatures. As “sojourners and exiles” in their community, they cannot expect to be top of the ladder; they need instead to accept their place within (and so under; not outside or above) “every human institution.”