The term itself refers to height and so contrasts with lowliness, abasement. Jesus had promised exaltation to those abased in this life (Matthew 5:1–12), even as he himself illustrated (Philippians 2:6–11). To return to the example of Hagar, the Lord promised that he would multiply your offspring so that they cannot be numbered for multitude
(Genesis 16:10). Peter’s addressees may hear in this promise a reference ultimately (though not necessarily exclusively) to the reward they will receive when Jesus returns (1 Peter 1:7; 1 Peter 4:13; 1 Peter 5:1, 1 Peter 5:4), at which time the rightness of their cause will be admitted by all who in this life made things difficult for them.
6 Humble yourselves, therefore, under the mighty hand of God so that at the proper time he may exalt you,