Leviticus 3:1–17 introduces the reader to the peace offering; however, we are not given a reason for it. The purpose of the peace offering is only introduced in Leviticus 7. There we find three possible reasons for a peace offering. The first reason was for a thanksgiving offering (Leviticus 7:12–13). This was a public declaration where the worshipper acknowledged the grace he had received from the Lord (see Psalm 56:12; Psalm 107:22). The second reason was the payment of vows (Leviticus 7:16–17). On these occasions the worshipper was fulfilling a promise made to the Lord. Hannah, for example, presented three young bulls, an ephah of flour, and a skin of wine in fulfilling her vow for the provision of Samuel (1 Samuel 1:24–28). The third reason was a freewill offering (Leviticus 7:16; see also Leviticus 22:18, Leviticus 18:1–30). A person could bring a peace offering at any time to celebrate the blessings they enjoyed from being in covenant with God.
1 “If his offering is a sacrifice of peace offering, if he offers an animal from the herd, male or female, he shall offer it without blemish before the LORD.